| Cumbria is located in the North West of
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| | gives Cumbria it's diverse array of place
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| England. The County boundary is naturally
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| | names.
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| defined by the Irish Sea to the West,
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| | The disputed ownership of Cumbria and the
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| from the Solway Firth to Morecambe Bay,
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| | frequently military assaults that took
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| with the Scottish border to the north and
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| | place in the region between the 11th and
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| the Pennine hills to the east.
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| | 14th centuries meant that the purely
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| In it's history Cumbria has been a
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| | civil system of administration that
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| fortified and disputed land.
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| | developed in the rest of the country did
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| The Romans used Cumbria as a military
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| | not happen. Instead a series of military
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| mustering area for incursions into
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| | based baronies formed, at the heart of
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| Scotland, and also to protect more
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| | which was a string of Castles. Political
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| southerly settlements. Roman
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| | control of the area by the English was
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| fortification culminated in the
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| | strengthened by religion and the
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| construction of Hadrian's Wall, an 80
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| | establishment of the diocese of Carlise
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| mile long defensive structure with forts,
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| | in the 12th century, even so sporadic
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| ditches, encampments and watch towers.
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| | raids still continued over the next few
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| Hadrian's Wall runs from Newcastle upon
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| | hundred years.
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| Tyne in the East to Bowness on Solway in
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| | These turbulent times for Cumbria left it
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| the west, effectively connecting these
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| | somewhat isolated from the rest of the
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| two coasts, separating England from
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| | country both economically and culturally.
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| Scotland and was built between AD122 and
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| | The mountainous terrain further isolated
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| AD138.
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| | the region from industrial development as
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| The Romans left England and Cumbria in
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| | building canals was difficult, and road
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| the 5th Century, leaving the county to an
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| | transportation was poor relying for a
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| influx of Anglo-Saxon immigrants which in
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| | long time on pack animals. However the
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| the end drove the indigenous population
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| | western sea ports offered a means of
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| of Celts out of the fertile lowland
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| | transporting goods to the rest of England
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| plains.
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| | and the World. Cumbria being rich in
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| The 7th to 10th centuries saw rival
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| | minerals attracted, coal, copper, tin and
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| claims from Scottish and Anglo-Saxon
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| | iron mining.
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| kings for sovereignty over much of the
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| | The arrival of the railway was arguably
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| county. These battles saw the end of the
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| | the greatest factor in ending the social
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| last of the Celtic Kings, Dunmail in 945.
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| | and economic isolation of Cumbria. The
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| During this time the region was also
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| | first line in the county linked Carlise
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| being colonised by immigrants from
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| | and Newcastle in the 1830's. Not only did
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| Ireland and Scandinavia. This mixture of
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| | the railways allow the easy export of
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| Celts, Anglo-Saxons and Scandinavians, as
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| | goods and create jobs, but they also
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| well as the previous Roman population
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| | allowed people to visit.
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