Discover the secrets of the Celts


A brief history of Leicester

The first is that the name is derived from aIn 1464 trade was so strong that the cities
Celtic one, Coriletav. This theory ismerchants managed to form a corporation and
supported by the name the Romans are known toLeicester could from then on elect its own
have given the settlement, RataeMayor to run the town. By 1500 the population
Corieltauvorum. The other theory is that ahad doubled to 3000 and it continued to rise
mythical British King, Leir, founded thedespite the frequent outbreaks of plague
settlement of Kaerleir around the same timewhich could decimate the population of a
as the Celts were supposedly in the area.town. In 1619 the town was granted a coat of
King Leir, is supposed to be buried under thearms. During the English Civil War Leicester
River  Soar!declared itself for the Parliamentarians and
was laid to siege by the Royalists in 1645
What we do know for sure is that around in 47who, after breaching the town wall, again
or 48 AD the Romans built a fort there andkilled many of the inhabitants. At the
then by about 50AD a city had grown up aroundbeginning of the 18th Century the population
it. Ratae Corieltauvorum was important to thehad again doubled to about 6000 and the birth
Romans as it was one of the key staging postsof the industrial revolution saw both the
on a major Roman road, the Fosse Way, whichpopulation and prosperity of Leicester
linked what are now Exeter and Lincoln.flourish. By the end of the 18th Century the
Rapidly becoming a market town for localopening of the Soar canal in 1794 quite
people and their produce, the settlementliterally fuelled the boom in industry, by
thrived on the trade that the Romans broughtproviding cheap and quick methods of
to the area. When the Romans left, movingtransporting  coal  and  iron into Leicester.
North to conquer more of England, the
settlement was well enough established toThe first national census of 1801 gives the
continue to prosper. The main feature stillpopulation of Leicester as 17,000. The town
visible in Leicester of the Roman occupationexpanded rapidly and places that were once
is  the  Jewry  Wall  and  its  Bath  House.rural farms became subsumed in the city as
boroughs. The Victorian era is accepted as
As with most of England, little is known ofbeing an age of enlightenment in terms of
the history of Leicester during the Dark Agesscience and engineering. In 1832 Leicester
following the departure of the Romans. Thegot its first railway line and in 1857 got a
next significant event was in 680 whenline connecting it with London. Leicester got
Leicester is known to have been given aits first Public library in 1871, ten years
Bishop; life in Leicester at this time seemslater its first telephone exchange and in
to have been a good one with the settlement1894 its first electric street lights. By the
continuing to prosper. Artefacts have beentime of the 1901 census the population had
found showing that Leicester, alongside itsgrown to a staggering 210,000 with boot and
farming community, had cloth weavers,hosiery manufacturing being the main source
potters, blacksmiths and carpenters. Theof employment. Civic pride must have been at
ninth century saw a down-turn in fortunesan all time high during the Edwardian period
when the settlement fell to the Danish Vikingwhen in 1919 Leicester was made a city by
invaders. The Bishop ran away which, for someRoyal Charter; in 1926 it regained its Bishop
canonical reason, left Leicester without aand a Cathedral and in 1928 had its first
Bishop  until  the  twentieth  century.Lord Mayor. A period of light engineering
expansion took place when the Imperial
The Norman Conquest sees Leicester mentionedTypewriter Company set up premises in the
in the Doomsday book as Ledcestre. This namecity and between 1908 and 1950 the number of
is thought to have been derived frompeople employed in Light engineering in the
Ligeraceaster; a combination of Castra - Campcity  more than doubled from 6,000 to 13,500.
and Ligore - Legro, an early name of the
River Soar. In medieval times Leicester was aLeicester escaped any heavy bombing during
city of some importance. With a population ofthe Second World War but a slum-clearance
some 1500 the Normans deemed it importantprogramme was instigated in 1945 to rid the
enough to build a wooden fort, which in thecity of much of the old housing built in the
12th century was re-built with stone. As wasboom years of the previous century. At this
custom in those days Leicester was ruled bytime there were influxes of Jewish, Latvian
an Earl. Unfortunately, in 1173 Robert - Earland Polish refugees into the city. These were
of Leicester - rebelled against the Kingfollowed in the 1950s by West Indian
(Henry II), causing the citizens muchimmigrants and then in the 1960s the
suffering, indeed such was the King's wrathpopulation was swelled by the arrival of
with Robert that many were killed. It wasAsian immigrants. The last major influxes of
during the Middle Ages that Leicester becameimmigrants were mainly Indians who had been
well known for the quality of the wool clothforced to leave Uganda in the early 1970s.
it produced and the hosiery it made from theRecently there has been a small community of
wool. At this time leather was also anSomali refugees arriving in the city,
important industry in Leicester, giving riseapparently drawn by its free and easy
to  its  association with shoes and footwear.attitude and the number of Mosques within its
boundaries.



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