| Attempts to classify different types of
| |
| | different species in Europe at that
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| plants is known to have occurred as far
| |
| | time.In Britain many customs of the
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| back as since pre-historic periods as
| |
| | Druids survived the centuries to which
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| shown in the evidence found in the caves
| |
| | were added the familiar plants known to
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| of Lascaux in Dordogne, France. These
| |
| | the Romans. It was John of Gaddesden in
|
| date back to 18,000 B.C. We can only
| |
| | 1314 who's first researched work "Rosa
|
| assume that man has always sought the
| |
| | Medicicae" covered Greek, Arabic and
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| knowledge of plants and had an interest
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| | Jewish medical writings plus contemporary
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| in their cultivation, beyond the simple
| |
| | observations and later in 15C more texts
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| interest in plants for food.Hippocrates,
| |
| | and treatises started appearing. This
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| the "father of medicine" taught in the
| |
| | was followed by many illustrated works
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| fourth century B.C. of the value of some
| |
| | which began to include plants introduced
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| 400 plants and herbs - about half of
| |
| | from the Americas - from the New World,
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| which are still in used today. Aristotle
| |
| | such as corn and potatoes.John Gerard had
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| attempted to catalogue the herbs known at
| |
| | his own Physic Garden as Curator of the
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| the time and Theophrastus, a pupil of
| |
| | Physic Garden of the College of
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| Aristotle, created a system of inquiry
| |
| | Physicians. Thomas Johnson, apothecary,
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| into plants which was to influence botany
| |
| | edited Gerard's Herball after his death
|
| for many centuries.Classical Greek and
| |
| | and recorded thousands of species in
|
| Roman records show definite proof of this
| |
| | England thereby commencing English
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| with early texts from the first century
| |
| | botany. It was King Henry eighth who
|
| AD. Pedanius Dioscorides in Cilicia
| |
| | protected herbalists with a Charter in
|
| wrote De Materia Medica, a textbook for
| |
| | 1511. This signified the distinction
|
| herbal medicine which was in use for 16
| |
| | between the barber surgeons and the
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| centuries. He was a military physician
| |
| | apothecaries - a rift which continues to
|
| and soldier and wrote 5 volumes covering
| |
| | this day between the herbalists and the
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| 600 plants in use in medicine. Galen,
| |
| | medical doctors.William Turner's "A New
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| court physician to Marcus Aurelius the
| |
| | Herball" was published 1551-1568.
|
| Roman Emperor, was a Greek physician who
| |
| | Nicholas Culpepper introduced the
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| practiced medicine in Rome in 2C A.D.
| |
| | doctrine of signatures and astrological
|
| For centuries he was respected as an
| |
| | aspects of herbalism 1652 and translated
|
| authority on herbs.At this time their
| |
| | the physicians secret handbook "London
|
| main interest was in the medicinal value
| |
| | Pharmacopoeia" which incensed the
|
| of plants which were common in the wild,
| |
| | professionals as it placed knowledge of
|
| rather than concern about their
| |
| | herbalism into the hands of the common
|
| deliberate cultivation .From 529 A.D
| |
| | man.By 1850 Herbs had begun to be
|
| European medicinal gardens continued to
| |
| | commercially cultivated in England with
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| be the province of the monasteries and
| |
| | the principal crops being peppermint,
|
| the fine example of St Gall's garden in
| |
| | lavender, chamomile, aconite, belladonna,
|
| Switzerland so impressed Charlemagne that
| |
| | caraway, elecampane, liquorice, foxglove,
|
| he ordered duplicates to be build across
| |
| | lovage, angelica, hemlock, juniper,
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| his Holy Roman Empire.Such medieval
| |
| | poppy, roses and marshmallow.The people
|
| gardens focussed upon healing herbs for
| |
| | of England and Europe as well as settlers
|
| the monks to use in treatment of the
| |
| | of the New World and the various colonies
|
| injuries sustained by soldiers in combat
| |
| | depended to a large extent upon the
|
| but attempts were made to make the
| |
| | traditional custom of the cottage garden
|
| gardens ornamental. as well as
| |
| | to provide them with additional foods and
|
| serviceable and this attitude continued
| |
| | home remedies as well as beautiful
|
| in the designs of the walled gardens of
| |
| | flowers. The discoveries of strange new
|
| castles and monasteries. It was by the
| |
| | plants in the colonies was a constant
|
| exchange of plants between the
| |
| | source of interest and with the help of
|
| monasteries and the dedication of the
| |
| | the indigenous people gave them
|
| travelling monks that the extent of herb
| |
| | indications of their usefulness in
|
| and plant cultivation was greatly
| |
| | healing as well as practical purposes.
|
| increased. The movement of the
| |
| | Eager gardeners placed great value, often
|
| troubadours was also instrumental in
| |
| | commercial value, upon new specimens
|
| this.Following the Crusades, a vast
| |
| | which became available for cultivation.
|
| variety of new plants was introduced into
| |
| | It was largely by this enthusiasm that
|
| Europe with botanists eager to grow new
| |
| | many new species were preserved and
|
| species but somewhat inhibited by
| |
| | proliferated through the care of
|
| superstitions and local legends related
| |
| | botanists in Europe.Over the last couple
|
| to them. Planting, grafting and
| |
| | of centuries there has been an explosion
|
| harvesting was strictly in accordance
| |
| | of interest in the usefulness of herbs
|
| with astronomical indications of the moon
| |
| | and plants of all kinds. Commercial
|
| and other conditions.It was later that
| |
| | production occurs on a huge scale
|
| royalty, including the early kings of
| |
| | throughout the world as the demand for
|
| France and Italy took up the cause and
| |
| | medicinal herbs increases, both for
|
| became keen promoters of plants of all
| |
| | herbal medicine and as a source for
|
| kinds. Some created landscaping on a
| |
| | medicinal drugs but horticulture still
|
| magnificent scale in the palace gardens,
| |
| | remains as one of the most popular
|
| before ever botanical gardens for the
| |
| | pastimes in creating beautiful,
|
| public were considered. According to the
| |
| | ornamental plants which can be used for
|
| specific interest they directed orchards
| |
| | indoor decoration in homes, hospitals,
|
| such as those for propagating and
| |
| | business houses and institutions of all
|
| cultivating oranges in protected
| |
| | kinds and providing the aesthetic value
|
| orangeries, as they were called. Others
| |
| | which has proven to be essential in our
|
| such as Napoleon's Josephine introduced
| |
| | way of life not only in our western
|
| hundreds of different roses, reported to
| |
| | culture but in all countries throughout
|
| have been the largest collection of
| |
| | the world.
|
