Swords in Early Rome

Swords first appeared between 1500 and 1100swords that they were accustomed to, and also
B.C. in Celtic Britain and Minoan Crete. Almostlearned to make full use of the sword's tip with a
immediately after they were first crafted, swordsthrust maneuver. With their new weapons and
became not only useful for combat, but also forskills, the soldiers quickly defeated the British
sport. For example, one of the earliest depictionsCelts, whose swords were short and
of swords is a relief found in a temple built incumbersome to wield.
northern Egypt, depicting an ancient fencingThe Gaul Celts posed a much more serious
match. In fact, fencing and swordplay became sothreat, however. The Gaul's often approached
popular that Ninus, king of Assyria, used fencingtheir enemies while whooping loudly and slashing
masters to train his troops for battle.their blades through their air, and once close to
It was the Romans, however, who trulytheir foe, would strike downward in a chopping
advanced swordsmanship to an art. They admiredmotion. If properly blocked with a stout shield, the
and appreciated swords as truly valuable weaponsRoman's discovered that their enemies' swords
on the battlefield, and perhaps more importantlywould bend or break, allowing for an easy
at first, in the gladiator ring. Gladiator bouts,counter-attack.
originally started as a funeral rite, eventuallyHowever impressive that the Romans were on
turned into a huge event attended by thousands.the battlefield, it was not their military prowess
The gladiators, who commonly fought in pairs,that advanced their evolution of swordsmanship,
were pitted against each other for bouts thatbut rather a crippling defeat. At the Battle of
usually lasted until the death. Although otherAdrianople, the emperor, all his senior officers, and
weapons were used, swords were of paramountapproximately 40,000 foot soldiers were
importance to the combatants, and wounds wereslaughtered by the Visigoths in the course of one
so prominent that the most distinguished Romanafternoon. The Gothic soldiers used their much
surgeons were those who specialized in theselonger swords to slash and attack their enemies
injuries.head on. This is regarded and the first time in
The gladiator's training was so thorough that theirhistory where swords were not secondary to a
techniques became adopted by the military.lance or spear.
Recruits would wield swords crafted from woodThis crushing defeat revolutionized the way the
against an object, generally a stick planted in theRoman soldiers used their swords. Instead of the
ground, until his instructors deemed him worthy ofthrusting swords borrowed from the Spanish,
edged swords. The recruit's training wouldthey now employed slashing swords in combat.
culminate in an individual battle with real swords,Although over the course of the next several
much like a gladiator bout.hundred years many new weapons were
Roman soldiers fighting in Spain adopted theirinvented, none outlasted the versatility and
enemies' iron swords, far superior to the copperefficiency of swords.